CHAIRMAN'S
STATEMENT
Overview
In the last year we have seen a significant correction in the global
markets following the unprecedented valuation levels of the previous
year. During the year to 31 August 2001 the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index
fell by 35.4% (sterling adjusted) and the Bloomberg UK Biotechnology
Index fell by 43.3%. Over the same period the share price of IBT fell
by 46.1%, from 327.5p to 176.5p, alongside a fall in the diluted NAV
per share of 46.4%, from 379.1p to 203.1p. This compares to an exceptional
performance in the year to 31 August 2000 which saw a 484.8% rise in
the share price and a 382.2% increase in the diluted NAV.
The
dramatic variation in performance over consecutive years demonstrates
the highly volatile nature of the biotech market and the importance
of taking a long term view when making an investment in the sector.
While
the fall in IBT's NAV was to some extent due to the market correction,
this was compounded by the write-downs of some of the private companies
in the inherited portfolio made by the new Manager as part of the on-going
rebalancing of the portfolio. The result of these write-downs was a
reduction in net assets of £9.9 million during the period under
review. The Company's valuation policy follows BVCA guidelines.
On
8 November 2000, the Board announced the appointment of Schroder Investment
Management Limited as Manager and Schroder Venture Life Sciences Advisers
(UK) Limited as Investment Adviser to the Company following the termination
of the previous investment management contract with Rothschild Asset
Management Limited. The Schroder Ventures Life Sciences team has significant
experience in the biotechnology sector and a long and successful investment
track record. This combined with their international capabilities gives
the Board great confidence in the future for IBT and I am pleased to
report that there has been a smooth transition to the new Manager and
Investment Adviser, and the rebalancing of the investment portfolio
is well underway.
In
January 2001, a number of divestments were made as part of the reconstruction,
in order to return cash to shareholders. Proceeds from these disposals,
together with existing cash resources, were used to return £121.8
million to exiting shareholders.
During
the year to 31 August 2001, IBT has also made a number of exciting new
investments in order to take full advantage of the recent fall in valuations.
These include two negotiated investments in quoted companies (private
investments in public companies - PIPEs) and four investments in private
companies.
Revenue
and dividends
It remains the view of the Directors that the best long term returns
are likely to come from capital appreciation of assets. Therefore, no
final dividend has been proposed for the year ended 31 August 2001.
Share
buy-backs
During the year the Company sought and subsequently received approval
from shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting to purchase up
to 14.99 per cent of the Company's issued share capital for cancellation.
The Company has subsequently received Court approval for the cancellation
of its Share Premium Account, which was also required to allow for the
purchase of shares. To date, the Company has not utilised the facility.
Your Board believes that a share buy-back authority is one of a number
of tools which may be used to address an imbalance in supply and demand
for the Company's shares that results in a discount of the Company's
shares on the market. A resolution to renew the authority is therefore
included in the Notice of the Company's Annual General Meeting.
Annual
General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting will be held at 31 Gresham Street, London
EC2V 7QA on Tuesday 18th December 2001 at 12.00 noon. The meeting will
include a presentation from the Manager and Investment Adviser.
Outlook
I would like to thank those shareholders that have stayed with the Trust
over the last somewhat difficult year and welcome new shareholders.
The year has seen a decline in the biotechnology sector along with the
technology sector and valuations are now even lower than those seen
during the last bear market, despite an improvement in industry fundamentals.
However, even in a harsher macroeconomic environment, we believe that
these fundamentals will prevail and biotech stocks will recover. The
timing of this recovery remains uncertain, but current valuations mean
that it is an excellent time for IBT to build positions in undervalued,
overlooked companies with strong management, scientific capabilities
and growth prospects. I am very encouraged by the progress made by the
new Manager and Investment Adviser in rebalancing the portfolio and
believe that IBT is exceptionally well placed to take advantage of the
current weakness in the markets and the strong fundamentals which underpin
the biotechnology sector.
Andrew
Barker
Chairman
INVESTMENT
REVIEW
Schroder
Ventures Life Sciences
Schroder Ventures Life Sciences ("SVLS") has a team of 22
professionals based in London and Boston with a deep base of life sciences
investment, operational, scientific and clinical experience. Schroder
Ventures' funds have invested in the life sciences industry since the
early 1980's and to date have backed over 100 life sciences companies
worldwide.
In
addition to IBT, SVLS currently advises two private equity funds dedicated
to making investments in the life sciences sector with total commitments
of $410 million. IBT will also benefit from potential investment opportunities
in portfolio companies in these two funds.
SVLS
takes a hands-on approach to its investments. To facilitate this approach,
IBT's portfolio will remain relatively concentrated.
Investment
Policy
IBT's investment focus is on high growth, development stage biotechnology
companies. IBT takes minority stakes in companies that have either already
been listed on a stock exchange or are approaching flotation or trade
sale. The managers are opportunistic in their approach, investing in
undervalued and/or under-resourced companies with a strong management
team and a strong potential upside through the commercialisation of
a product, device or enabling technology.
The
portfolio is diversified by region (IBT's primary focus is on investments
in the United States and Western Europe), stage of development (up to
approximately 25% of the portfolio may be invested in private companies),
and technological and therapeutic focus (approximately two-thirds of
the portfolio will be invested in biotechnology with the remainder in
other high growth life sciences sectors e.g. medtech and healthcare
I.T.).
Sector
Overview
Following a stellar performance in the year to 31 August 2000, the year
under review has seen a significant correction in the biotechnology
markets. The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index fell by 35.4% (sterling adjusted)
during the year under review and the Bloomberg UK Biotechnology Index
fell by 43.3%.
Valuations
became overstretched in 2000 and investors became concerned about worsening
economic forecasts and earnings expectations. This resulted in a severe
sell off, particularly in the technology and biotechnology sectors -
the technology sector fared somewhat worse than the biotechnology sector
with the NASDAQ Composite falling by 56.9% (sterling adjusted) during
the year.
However
the fundamentals of the biotech sector have continued to strengthen.
The sector has matured and there are now a record number of profitable
biotech companies and balance sheets are as healthy as they have ever
been.
Furthermore,
demand for biotechnology products is not linked to economic conditions
or world events - the demand for prescription medicines is primarily
correlated to the incidence of disease. More effective treatments are
required for unmet clinical needs such as cancer, cardiovascular disease
and CNS (Central Nervous System) disorders. In addition, some existing
drugs are relatively unspecific in their action, leading to side effects
or poor response rates. These factors, combined with an ageing population
and increasing healthcare spending, are driving demand for novel compounds
and technologies from biotechnology companies.
In
addition, the pharmaceutical industry is under constant pressure to
fill its product pipeline in order to sustain sales growth and to cope
with the number of products coming off patent and the challenge of increasing
R&D competitiveness. As a result, big pharmaceutical companies have
become dependent on the innovation of biotechnology companies to provide
in-licensing opportunities. The biotech industry is delivering and pipelines
are brimming with potential new drugs. As of end September 2001, biotechnology
companies had 288 compounds in Phase ll/III and III trials (Source:
BioCentury).
The
biotechnology sector is very different to the technology sector due
to the high barriers to entry created by intellectual property, long
development timelines and the high regulatory hurdles that must be met
ahead of marketing. As such, biotechnology companies tend to have long
periods of market exclusivity or have only a few competitors - a very
favourable environment for creating sustainable high margins.
Financing
Trends
Despite the year-long biotechnology bear market, the life sciences industry
has actually experienced its second best fundraising year ever. In the
first three quarters of 2001, $9.6 billion was raised in US and Europe
compared with $35.6 billion raised in total in 2000 and $7.0 billion
raised in 1999.
However,
the IPO market is currently extremely weak and looks likely to remain
so for the foreseeable future. In the first three quarters of 2001 only
$269 million was raised in the US and Europe compared to $8.6 billion
raised in total in 2000 and $935 million raised in 1999.
Private
equity financings remain strong with $2.8 billion raised between the
US and Europe in the first three quarters of 2001 compared to $4.2 billion
raised in total in 2000 and $1.7 billion raised in 1999 (Source: BioCentury).
Merger
and Acquisition Activity
M&A activity in the biotechnology sector is being driven by the
need for biotechnology companies to gain critical mass and by the trend
for platform technology and service oriented businesses to forward-integrate
into drug development. The number of M&A transactions in the biotechnology
sector between 30 June 2000 and 30 June 2001 increased to 258 from 208
in the previous year, although the total value of these transactions
was little changed at around $10 billion (Source: 2000/2001 Deal Survey,
Andersen).
This
M&A activity is providing a number of investment opportunities for
IBT, for example the commitment made to invest in the combined entity
of Microcide Pharmaceuticals and Althexis. In addition it provides potential
exit routes for portfolio companies, for example the sale of ImmGenics
Pharmaceuticals to Abgenix Inc. and the merger of Delsys Pharmaceuticals
with a subsidiary of Elan Corporation.
The
consolidation of the European biotechnology sector is gradually catching
up with the USA. In the first six months of 2001 the number of top ten
biotechnology deals involving European targets matched the number of
North American targets for the first time - in 2000 only one of the
top ten targets was a European company (Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers).
Summary
In summary, the outlook for product-oriented biotechnology companies
goes from strength to strength, in the face of a deteriorating outlook
for many other growth sectors. However, these positive fundamentals
have been overshadowed by the increasingly negative market sentiment,
with biotechnology stocks dragged down with the market as a whole. It
is difficult to predict when the bear market will cease to overshadow
the sector but we believe the strong underlying fundamentals will eventually
shine through. Current valuations of biotechnology companies, with many
trading around cash levels, make this an opportune time for IBT to be
making investments in the sector.
Portfolio
Analysis
As at 31 August 2001, IBT was invested in 34 companies. During the year
under review, the percentage of the portfolio invested in unquoted companies
was increased from 9.4% to 26.5%, and in European companies from 2.4%
to 11.2% (excluding cash). This was a stated intention of the new Manager
in order to enable investors to benefit from the significant returns
available from early stage investing as well as the increasing number
of investment opportunities in Europe. In addition, the weighting in
drug delivery companies has been increased in order to further diversify
the portfolio.
In
order to meet the objective of returning funds to shareholders, the
new Manager completed disposals of Cell Therapeutics and Angiotech Pharmaceuticals.
In
November 2000, ImmGenics Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Abgenix, one
of the world leaders in therapeutic antibody development. ImmGenics'
breakthrough technology is expected to allow Abgenix to select optimal
product candidates. Final proceeds from the sale of ImmGenics were £5.4
million.
The
surplus cash from the reconstruction was invested early in 2001 in 13
highly liquid large cap public companies, pending investment into new
smaller cap companies. As at 31 August 2001, IBT retained holdings in
Biogen, Celltech Group, Elan Corporation and Forest Labs, having reinvested
the proceeds from the sales of the other holdings in order to reinvest
the cash into core holdings.
Following
the return of cash to shareholders and the resulting reduction in size
of the portfolio partial sales were made of the following holdings -
CeNeS Pharmaceuticals, Corvas International, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, OSI
Pharmaceuticals, Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Targeted Genetics and Vernalis
Group. The small holding in Corixa was sold in its entirety.
Since
the year end IBT has realised its investment in Delsys Pharmaceuticals
following an agreed merger with a subsidiary of Elan, valuing IBT's
holding in Delsys at a minimum of £1.1 million. This follows an
initial write-down during the year under review of £6.7 million
to zero at 31 August 2001, due to concerns about the company's ability
to raise additional finance.
The
net outcome of write-ups and write-downs in the inherited unquoted portfolio
since the year end resulted in a reduction in the net asset value of
£2.9 million (including Delsys).
NEW
INVESTMENTS
Quoted
Companies
Aradigm
Corporation
In August 2001, IBT invested $2 million in Aradigm Corporation's $14.6
million PIPE alongside a group of other institutional investors. The
total invested in Aradigm during the year under review was $5 million.
Aradigm, based in California, USA, is working to improve quality of
life for patients by developing aerosol-based drug delivery alternatives
to injectable therapeutics. The company's advanced pulmonary delivery
technologies provide leading pharmaceutical partners with effective
drug delivery solutions.
Aradigm's
leading technology, the AERx Pulmonary Drug Delivery System, has the
potential to deliver a wide array of traditional drugs and proteins
efficiently via the lungs. Key advantages of the AERx technology include
precise and monitored drug delivery, the use of standard liquid formulations,
and the ability to collect and analyse all dosing data. Aradigm currently
has two major AERx clinical programs: phase II inhaled morphine for
breakthrough cancer pain relief, partnered with Glaxo SmithKline and
inhaled insulin, partnered with Novo Nordisk, the world leader in insulin
and diabetes care, which is in preparation for Phase III trials. In
addition, Aradigm has other ongoing feasibility studies with other proteins
and molecules.
Essential
Therapeutics
(formerly Microcide Pharmaceuticals and Althexis)
On 2 August 2001, IBT announced that it had committed to invest $7.5
million in the newly combined operations of NASDAQ-listed Microcide
Pharmaceuticals and the private company Althexis, as part of a $60 million
financing round. On 30 July 2001, Microcide and Althexis announced the
signing of the definitive agreement to merge their businesses in a stock-for-stock
exchange. SEC approval and Microcide shareholder approval for the merger
and the private placement was received in October 2001.
Microcide
has anti-microbial discovery research programs for the treatment of
serious bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Althexis' discovery
approach is centered around anti-infectives with the use of structure-based
drug design ("SBDD"), a powerful method of drug discovery
that exploits atomic-level information about potential disease targets.
Althexis combines SBDD and related technologies with expertise in more
traditional discovery tools, such as high throughput screening and medicinal
chemistry.
The
merger of Microcide and Althexis will unite Microcide's discovery platforms,
including its VALID Microbial Genomics technologies, with Althexis'
proprietary target validation system, known as Althexis Calorimetric
Target Triage. It will also accelerate Microcide's multiple drug development
programs in infectious disease by applying Althexis' SBDD technology
to lead optimisation. The combined company will have strategic partnerships
with PLIVA, RW Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute (a division
of Johnson & Johnson) and Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Mark Skaletsky,
who previously built-up and sold GelTex Pharmaceuticals to Genzyme Corporation,
will be Chairman and CEO of the newly merged company.
IBT
also took smaller positions in the following public companies during
the year under review.
Weston
Medical Group
A drug delivery company in the UK with an exciting needle-free injection
system.
Novuspharma
An Italian oncology company with two compounds in Phase II trials and
two in Phase I trials.
Atrix
Laboratories
A US-based drug delivery and development company with three Leuprogel
products in late-stage development for the treatment of hormone-responsive
advanced prostate cancer.
ArQule
A US-based company providing chemistry services aiming to make the drug
discovery process more efficient, less expensive, and more likely to
result in better lead compounds.
Aspect
Medical Systems
A consciousness monitoring company based in the US whose core technology
provides a direct measure of the effects of anaesthetic and sedative
agents on the brain.
Inhale
Therapeutic Systems
A US-based company that develops advanced drug delivery solutions. These
include the Inhance pulmonary delivery solution and the Shearwater advanced
PEGylation technology.
Aviron
An innovative vaccine company based in the US focusing on the use of
live vaccines against viral infections. They are currently seeking marketing
approval of FluMist for the prevention of influenza.
Unquoted
Companies
Micromet
In March 2001, IBT invested Euro 5 million in Micromet, based in Martinsried,
Germany, as part of a Euro 40 million private placement. Two other funds
advised by SVLS increased their existing investment by a total of Euro
2.3 million.
Micromet
develops novel drugs to empower the patient's immune system to tackle
life-threatening and chronic diseases. Fundamental to Micromet's therapeutic
strategy is the elimination of cells that play a pivotal role in the
pathogenesis of human diseases such as cancer, autoimmune and inflammatory
disease, by recruiting and activating immune effector cells.
The
Company has established the BiTE technology ('Bispecific T cell engagers'),
a unique drug format that leverages the outstanding cytotoxic potential
of T cells, the most powerful 'killer cells' of the human immune system.
Micromet's BiTE compounds combine the power of T cells with the selectivity
of antibodies to specifically target diseased tissues and cells. The
BiTE platform comprises single chain bispecific antibodies for recruitment
and simultaneous activation of T cells.
Currently,
conventional therapeutic antibodies are some of the most successful
biotechnology drugs with broad therapeutic applicability. However, four
features distinguish BiTEs from traditional antibody drugs - BiTEs have
1,000 - 10,000 times higher potency, are smaller in size (resulting
in better access to tumour cells), have a novel mode of action and lower
manufacturing costs.
Micromet's
current pipeline of drug candidates includes BiTE molecules as well
as fully human antibodies. Two products have now entered Phase I and
II trials for treatment of prostate cancer and blood cancers of the
B cell lineage.
Discovery
Therapeutics
In August 2001, IBT invested $5 million in Discovery Therapeutics as
part of a $45 million fund raising. Another fund advised by SVLS invested
a further $5 million.
Discovery,
headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, is a private, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical
company focused on developing and commercialising in-licensed products
for a variety of clinical indications. The company currently has five
products in clinical development that target Parkinson's, renal and
cardiac diseases. Discovery's expertise is in the discovery and development
of small-molecule drug candidates that act selectively on enzymes or
subtypes of receptors that regulate important physiological processes.
The company's most advanced product is an innovative treatment for Parkinson's
disease, integrated with a unique transdermal patch delivery system
that will enter Phase III clinical trials this year.
Discovery
has a number of established corporate relationships, including out-licensing
partnerships with Schwarz Pharma AG, King Pharmaceuticals and Fujisawa
Healthcare for its Parkinson's, and two adenosine-based cardiovascular
products. More recently, the company also has entered into an in-licensing
partnership with Bayer AG to develop and market a novel therapy for
kidney inflammation.
Eyetech
Pharmaceuticals
In early August 2001, IBT made an investment of $2.5 million in Eyetech
Pharmaceuticals. A further commitment to invest $2.5 million in August
2002 has been made subject to milestones. The Company raised $109 million
in a self-managed private placement - one of the largest private financing
rounds ever raised by a biotechnology company. Eyetech is based in New
York and was founded in early 2000 to discover, develop and commercialise
new drugs to reduce and prevent serious vision loss caused by eye disease,
and to develop new technologies to deliver drugs safely and conveniently
to the back of the eye. Eyetech has a strong management team, including
leading clinicians and experienced healthcare industry executives. Eyetech
has entered into a number of collaborative arrangements with major research
institutions, such as Harvard Medical School (Massachusetts Eye and
Ear Institute) and NY University School of Medicine.
The
Company's lead product, EYE001, is a potential treatment for the two
leading causes of blindness in the adult population, namely age-related
macular degeneration ("AMD") and diabetic macular edema ("DME").
Studies suggest that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ("VEGF")
causes the abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage that result in AMD
and DME. EYE001 is an anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
aptamer which may inhibit the biological pathway that results in vision
loss in AMD and DME. Eyetech's compound may also result in improved
vision and an enhanced quality of life for these patients. EYE001 is
currently in Phase II/III and III pivotal clinical trials for AMD at
120 of the world's leading medical centres. If successful in these trials,
EYE001 may be on the US market in 2004.
Affibody
In August 2001, IBT committed to invest SEK 40 million in Affibody,
a promising Swedish proteomics and biotherapy company. SEK 20 million
($1.9m) of this was invested in August 2001 as part of a $28 million
fundraising round, with the remaining SEK 20 million to be invested
in August 2002. The Company was founded in 1998 by a group of prominent
researchers from the Royal Institute of Technology and the Karolinska
Institute. Affibody is a leader in the field of combinatorial protein
engineering and is using this cutting edge technology to create a new
generation of antibodies called Affibodies. Affibodies are
small, novel, robust ligands which can be engineered to bind to any
desired target protein. They have strong potential as therapeutics and
diagnostics and will also be used in proteomics research for drug discovery.
Affibody has strategic partnerships with Amersham Pharmacia in the area
of separations and with Gyros AB in protein chips. These partnerships
will enable the Company to leverage its already leading market position.
The
Company's management team is highly experienced and has an excellent
track record in building successful businesses and their technology
forms a unique proprietary platform with very broad applications and
clear future revenue streams. The investment by IBT was made alongside
a commitment of SEK 80 million from another Fund advised by SVLS.
Ten
Largest Quoted Investments